As an example, consider a person riding a bicycle, with the individual acting like the electric motor. If see your face tries to ride that bike up a steep hill in a gear that is designed for low rpm, he or she will struggle as
they attempt to maintain their stability and achieve an rpm which will permit them to climb the hill. However, if indeed they shift the bike’s gears right into a speed that will produce a higher rpm, the rider will have
a much easier time of it. A continuous force can be applied with soft rotation being offered. The same logic applies for industrial applications that require lower speeds while keeping necessary
torque.
• Inertia coordinating. Today’s servo motors are generating more torque relative to frame size. That’s due to dense copper windings, light-weight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they are trying to move. Using a gearhead to better match the inertia of the engine to the inertia of the strain allows for utilizing a smaller engine and results in a more responsive system that is easier to tune. Again, this is attained through the gearhead’s ratio, 
where in fact the reflected inertia of the load to the engine is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia is the measure of an object’s level of resistance to change in its motion and its own function of the object’s mass and shape. The higher an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the thing. This implies that when the load inertia is much larger than the engine inertia, sometimes it could cause extreme overshoot or increase settling times. Both circumstances can decrease production range throughput.
On the other hand, when the engine inertia is bigger than the load inertia, the motor will require more power than is otherwise necessary for this application. This boosts costs because it requires having to pay more for a motor that’s bigger than necessary, and because the increased power usage requires higher operating costs. The solution is to use a gearhead to match the inertia of the engine to the inertia of the load.
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